Vaginal specula are used in gynaecology clinics, family planning services, general practice and theatres for examination and procedures. Several patterns are in common use, and the right size and shape make examinations more comfortable for patients and easier for clinicians.
In short
Graves specula have wider blades; Pederson specula are narrower. Cusco is the common bivalve pattern in the UK and much of Europe. Sims is a single- or double-ended retractor-style speculum. Keep a range of sizes.
The main patterns#
| Pattern | Design | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Graves | Bivalve, wide, curved blades | Common in North America; good visibility |
| Pederson | Bivalve, narrower, flatter blades | Often more comfortable for patients needing a narrower speculum |
| Cusco | Bivalve, duck-bill blades with a screw or lever lock | Widely used in the UK, Europe and many other countries |
| Sims | Single- or double-ended, spoon-shaped blade | Retracts one vaginal wall, often used with the patient lying on her side |
Sizes#
Bivalve specula are generally made in small, medium and large sizes, which differ in blade length and width. Having several sizes available allows the clinician to choose the most comfortable option for each patient.
Locking mechanisms#
Bivalve specula use a thumb screw, a lever or a ratchet to hold the blades open. Some designs also let the blades be opened in parallel to widen the view. A smooth, reliable lock is important so the speculum stays steady during the examination.
Reusable or single-use vaginal specula#
Single-use plastic specula are common in some settings. Reusable stainless steel specula are durable, can be sterilized many times, and are preferred by many clinicians for their rigidity and smooth operation. They need reliable reprocessing between patients.
Quality checklist
- Blades have smooth, rounded edges and a polished surface.
- The lock holds firmly and releases smoothly.
- The blades meet evenly when closed.
- No gaps or joints where debris can collect.
Frequently asked questions#
What is the difference between Graves and Pederson specula?#
Both are bivalve specula, but Pederson blades are narrower and flatter, while Graves blades are wider and more curved.
Is a Cusco speculum the same as a Graves?#
Both are bivalve specula, but they differ in blade shape and lock design. Regional preference often decides which is used.
How should reusable specula be reprocessed?#
Clean them thoroughly, including the hinge and lock, then sterilize them following your facility’s protocol.
Order vaginal specula from Gami Surgical#
Gami Surgical manufactures stainless steel vaginal specula and other gynaecology instruments in Sialkot, Pakistan, and delivers worldwide. Send us the patterns, sizes and quantities for a quote.
